Eric Mauzer, a Harvard physics educator, is well-known for developing the concept of integration as an aspect of deeper learning. Mauzer found that after a long course in which students were taught information and solutions without context, the course had “taught them ‘next to nothing.’ After a semester of physics, they still held the same misconceptions as they had at the beginning of the term” (quoted in Lambert, 2012). If education does not change the way students understand the world and if they are unable to interpret problems in terms of the content they were taught, then we must conclude the learning was inert. Deeper learning is said to be integrated as leaners recognize the differences in what they know and how they can use it.
Lambert 2012 https://harvardmagazine.com/2012/03/twilight-of-the-lecture